内战前西班牙华侨的生存困境——以1923年至1936年的华侨行商为例     

谢杨 《深圳职业技术学院学报》2021,(2):34-40

20世纪二三十年代,出现了华侨移居西班牙的小高峰,这一时期的旅西华侨多以行商为业。他们走街串巷,贩卖项链等小商品,被当地人称为"卖项链的中国人"。通过对当时西班牙的官方数据和本地报刊的解读可知,旅西华侨以男性为主,女性及儿童人数较少。华侨行商普遍西语水平不高,生活较为清苦。虽然他们所出售的商品受下层民众的欢迎,但行商却受到主流社会的敌视与排斥,他们被商店经营者视为不正当的竞争者,被当局政府视为扰乱秩序者,被当地民众视为入侵者。这一切反映了早期旅西华侨谋生的艰难。  相似文献   

大学—中小学教师研修共同体机制建构的实践逻辑     

蔡群青 《当代教育科学》2021,(4):72-81

构建大学—中小学教师研修共同体是新时代教育体系改革的实践逻辑表达,也是促进教师专业发展、改善教学质量、教育研究理论与情境实践经验破镜重圆、回归教师教育教学本真的关键路径。然而,持续性不足是其现阶段面临的亟待解决的突出问题。它表现为文化的游离和冲突削弱了共同体的向心力,资源的搁浅和流失分化了共同体的共享度,角色合法认同的单一性限制了共同体的合作层次,组织管理的分割性阻碍了共同体的协同度,评价激励制度的滞后性和功利性影响了共同体的持续力。应遵循不法常可的思维向度,从文化内驱机制、跨界生成机制、结构能动机制三个维度深度探究大学—中小教师研修共同体机制建构的实践逻辑问题。  相似文献   

基于关联规则的推荐系统在数字图书馆中的应用     

王燕  温有奎 《情报科学》2007,25(6):877-880

阐述和分析了数据挖掘中关联规则的算法，提出了在数字图书馆中构建推荐系统模型。本文采用Apriori算法，并根据实际的应用对算法进行改进，克服算法弱点，提高推荐精度，实现数字图书馆的个性化服务。  相似文献   

论科学技术学的研究纲领   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄欣荣 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(12):50-53

科学技术学是以科学技术系统整体为对象、以认识科学技术的性质扣规律为目的,并采用人文社会科学的视角和方法,从哲学、基础科学、应用科学和应用技术四个层面对科学技术进行全面的人文社会科学维度研究的一个新学科群.这些研究构成了内容丰富、结构完整的学科体系.走向科学技术学,要尽量继承和发展自然辩证法、科学技术与社会研究、科学学和技术学等现有学科的成果,并尽快实现组织化和建制化.  相似文献   

Introducing and Developing Professional Standards in the Information Systems Curriculum     

Elizabeth?TowellEmail author  J.?Barrie?Thompson  Kathleen?L.?McFadden 《Ethics and Information Technology》2004,6(4):291-299

In light of growing concerns in the public and recent mandates from business program accrediting bodies and curricular task forces, the importance of teaching ethical topics in information systems programs is discussed. Innovative strategies used for teaching the application of ethical criteria to common situations are reviewed. Results of a survey of information systems faculty members in the US are presented and are compared to previous studies that related primarily to computer science and software engineering programs. Insight is provided into the topics, techniques, degree of coverage, and assessment techniques currently used when teaching ethics in computing-related programs. Key concerns and future work is also outlined.  相似文献   

Software vulnerability due to practical drift     

Christian V. Lundestad  Anique Hommels 《Ethics and Information Technology》2007,9(2):89-100

The proliferation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into all aspects of life poses unique ethical challenges as our modern societies become increasingly dependent on the flawless operation of these technologies. As we increasingly entrust our privacy, our well-being and our lives to an ever greater number of computers we need to look more closely at the risks and ethical implications of these developments. By emphasising the vulnerability of software and the practice of professional software developers, we want to make clear the ethical aspects of producing potentially flawed software. This paper outlines some of the vulnerabilities associated with software systems and identifies a number of social and organisational factors affecting software developers and contributing to these vulnerabilities. Scott A. Snook’s theory of practical drift is used as the basis for our analysis. We show that this theory, originally developed to explain the failure of a military organisation, can be used to understand how professional software developers “drift away” from procedures and processes designed to ensure quality and prevent software vulnerability. Based on interviews with software developers in two Norwegian companies we identify two areas where social factors compel software developers to drift away from a global set of rules constituting software development processes and methods. Issues of pleasure and control and difference in mental models contribute to an uncoupling from established practices designed to guarantee the reliability of software and thus diminish its vulnerability.  相似文献   

Best entry points for structured document retrieval—Part II: Types,usage and effectiveness     

Jane Reid  Mounia Lalmas  Karen Finesilver  Morten Hertzum 《Information processing & management》2006

Structured document retrieval makes use of document components as the basis of the retrieval process, rather than complete documents. The inherent relationships between these components make it vital to support users’ natural browsing behaviour in order to offer effective and efficient access to structured documents. This paper examines the concept of best entry points, which are document components from which the user can browse to obtain optimal access to relevant document components. It investigates at the types of best entry points in structured document retrieval, and their usage and effectiveness in real information search tasks.  相似文献   

电力系统电压稳定性的研究     

卢文波 《黑龙江科技信息》2007,(4S):31-31,135

对国内外电压稳定问题研究的现状进行了概述。特别介绍了对电压失稳机理的认识以及当前广泛采用的几种电压稳定性的分析方法，而且还介绍了电压稳定研究进一步发展的方向。  相似文献   

促进产学合作政策工具:英、美与中国比较研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汤易兵 《科学学研究》2005,23(Z1):131-135

随着社会经济的发展,如何充分运用大学产生的知识基础,以促进产业创新与经济竞争力,成为当今政府的当务之急,而产学合作也成为创新政策工具中最主要的一环。本文针对各国政府所推动的各项产学合作方案,分析其对体制上、合作动机、合作障碍、合作机制运用的影响与实施成果。以个案研讨的方式,比较分析英国、美国产学合作的各项政策工具与方案的成效,并对我国的产学研合作政策提出相关建议。  相似文献   

波普世界3理论反思   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

穆安民  陈文 《情报理论与实践》2001,24(6):417-419

The paper analyzes Popper's Theory of Three Worlds, points out that its essence is the three basic concepts, that is, information, intelligence and knowledge, and calls on that we should insist on Marxism's dialectical materialism in researches on the basic theory of information studies.  相似文献